Stock-Returns and Inflation in a Principal-Agent Economy

We study a monetary in which final goods sell on spot markets, while labor and dividends sell through contracts. Firms and workers confuse absolute and relative price changes: A positive price-level shock makes sellers think they are producing better goods than they really are. They split this apparent windfall with workers who get a higher real wage. Hence, unexpected inflation shifts real income from firms (the principals) to workers (the agents) and thereby lowers stock-returns.MONEY SUPPLY ; PRICES ; STOCKS

Dynamics of the wakefield of a multi-petawatt, femtosecond laser pulse in a configuration with ultrarelativistic electrons

The wake field excitation in an unmagnetized plasma by a multi-petawatt, femtosecond, pancake-shaped laser pulse is described both analytically and numerically in the regime with ultrarelativistic electron jitter velocities, when the plasma electrons are almost expelled from the pulse region. This is done, for the first time, in fluid theory. A novel mathematical model is devised that does not break down for very intense pump strengths, in contrast to the standard approach that uses the laser field envelope and the ponderomotive guiding center averaging. This is accomplished by employing a three-timescale description, with the intermediate scale associated with the nonlinear phase of the electromagnetic wave and with the bending of its wave front. The evolution of the pulse and of its electrostatic wake are studied by the numerical solution in a two-dimensional geometry, with the spot diameter \geq 100 microns. It reveals that the optimum initial pulse length needs to be somewhat bigger than 1 micron (1-2 oscillations), as suggested by simple analytical local estimates, because the nonlocal plasma response tends to stretch very short pulses

Identification of microRNAs influential in glioblastoma cancer stem cells

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND ON GLIOBLASTOMA 1.1.1 EPIDEMIOLOGY Cerebral tumors account for 1-2% of all cancers in Switzerland(1)(2). 58% of primary brain tumors are gliomas (1). Of the 500-700 (2) persons suffering from gliomas each year in Switzerland, 250- 300(3) have glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which makes it the most common type of malignant primary brain tumor in adults, whereas cerebral metastases represent the majority of all brain tumors (4). Caucasian males living in industrial areas are believed to be most often affected by GBM (5)(6). Despite its controversial role in GBM pathogenesis, l'Office Fédéral de la Statistique (OFS) recommends limiting radiation from cell phone use (1). 1.1.2 CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS Clinical manifestations of GBM are variable - depending on the tumor's localization and rate of progression - and span a range of diverse signs and symptoms. However, the first manifestation of GBM is often a seizure, accompanied by a long-lasting atypical headache and a focal neurological deficit (7). General symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite, caused by increased intracranial pressure due to the tumor's mass surrounded by oedema are common (1). GBM rarely metastatizes, even though spreading through the subarachnoidal space to the spinal cord can occur (7). Its principal location is in the subcortical hemispheres, involving white matter (7) and, typically, fronto-temporal location is a predilection site (8). Clinical history is usually short, less than three months in 50% of patients affected by de novo GBM. However, secondary GBM, which accounts for 40% of cases (9) and arises from grade II or III gliomas, may have subtle manifestations for one-to-ten years before being diagnosed. It is often impossible to distinguish between a benign lesion and a malignant tumor based on the clinical history alone (10)

Influence of Intra-cell Traffic on the Output Power of Base Station in GSM

In this paper we analyze the influence of intracell traffic in a GSM cell on the base station output power. It is proved that intracell traffic increases this power. If offered traffic is small, the increase of output power is equal to the part of intracell traffic. When the offered traffic and, as the result, call loss increase, the increase of output power becomes less. The results of calculation are verified by the computer simulation of traffic process in the GSM cell. The calculation and the simulation consider the uniform distribution of mobile users in the cell, but the conclusions are of a general nature

Interaction ammonium-nitrate: Response to oxidative stress in chicory plants

The aim of this work was to study, as a function of the different availability of nitrogen in the reduced form, mineral and organic, the induction of the synthesis of some ROS-scavenging molecules and the evolution of some enzymatic activities such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO). 
Chicory seedlings were grown in nutritive solution for 35 days in controlled conditions. On the 14th day, one third of the plants was transferred into a nutritive solution containing (NH4)2SO4 60 mM, one third was transferred into a medium containing Urea 60 mM, and the remaining was let grow into the nutrition solution, as a control. Three samplings of leaves were performed, respectively after 21, 28 and 35 days of growth.
The urea and ammonium sulphate-treated samples showed higher ascorbic acid and polyphenol contents than the control, together with a lower anthocyanins content. APX showed the highest activity in the urea-treated samples, while the highest PPO activity was to refer to samples treated with ammonium sulphate.
The variations of the organic components showed the incidence of the nitrogen supply in the reduced form on the cell redox potential, confirming the importance of fertilization for obtaining high amounts of antioxidant molecules.
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Design of a Network Topology Using CISCO NSO Orchestrator

This paper presents the design of a network topology using CISCO NSO orchestrator. The mismatch problem solution between a network service and its monitoring is proposed. Applying the proposed approach, the telemetry efficiency ratio parameter greater than 40 is achieved. All tests are performed in the real experimental conditions using CISCO NSO orchestrator